Problemática suicida : un estudio descriptivo de los ingresos por guardia en Hospital General de la Ciudad de Paraná entre 2018 y 2022

Abstract

Resumen: La problemática suicida es un problema de salud pública. El presente trabajo se realizó en el contexto de los ingresos por guardia del Hospital San Martín de Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina que tuviese alguno de los siguientes motivos de consulta: intento de suicidio, conductas autolesivas sin intencionalidad de muerte e intentos de suicidio en contexto de consumo problemático de sustancias en el período 2018 – 2022. Los objetivos fueron: describir La problemática suicida es un problema de salud pública. El presente trabajo se realizó en el contexto de los ingresos por guardia del Hospital San Martín de Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina que tuviese alguno de los siguientes motivos de consulta: intento de suicidio, conductas autolesivas sin intencionalidad de muerte e intentos de suicidio en contexto de consumo problemático de sustancias en el período 2018 – 2022. Los objetivos fueron: describir la frecuencia de motivos de consulta dentro de la problemática suicida en el período 2018-2022; evaluar la asociación entre los motivos de consulta y el año de ingreso; los motivos de consulta y el sexo; los motivos de consulta y la edad de los sujetos; y describir los factores protectores y de riesgo. Se trabajó con 893 historias clínicas, las cuales correspondían a 295 varones (33%) y 598 mujeres (67%) de entre 15 y 93 años (M= 31.16 DS= 14.76). Se utilizó un cuestionario confeccionado por expertos en la temática en salud mental del hospital. Se obtuvieron

Abstract: Suicide is a public health problem. The present study was carried out in the context of on-call admissions at the Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina, San Martín Hospital that had any of the following reasons for consultation: suicide attempt, self-injurious behaviors without intent to kill, and suicide attempts in context of problematic substance use in the period 2018-2022. The objectives were: to describe the frequency of reasons for consultation within suicidal problems in the period 2018-2022; to evaluate the association between the reasons for consultation and the year of admission; the reasons for consultation and sex; the reasons for consultation and the age of the subjects; and describe the protective and risk factors. We worked with 893 clinical histories, which corresponded to 295 men (33%) and 598 women (67%) between 15 and 93 years of age (M= 31.16 DS= 14.76). A questionnaire prepared by experts in the field of mental health at the hospital was used. Frequencies were obtained and Pearson's Chi squares were calculated to assess the association between categorical variables. An association was found between the reason for consultation and the year of admission, with an increase in the frequency of self-harm without the intention of killing in 2022 and an increase in suicides in the context of problematic consumption in 2021. An association was observed between the reason for consultation and age with an increase in suicide attempts in young people and an increase in self-harm without the intention of killing in middle adulthood. An association was observed between the reason for consultation and age. As a risk factor, the presence of stressful life factors stands out and family support stands out as protective factors, although schooling and peer support decrease in adolescents and young people.