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Civil society-state partnerships in integral community-based substance abuse treatment in Latin America

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Civil society-state partnerships in integral community-based substance abuse treatment in Latin America Autor: Mitchell, Ann Elizabeth Resumen: The complex interconnection between socioeconomic disadvantage and drug use disorders has raised global interest in community-based approaches to substance abuse prevention and treatment. This article analyses the origins, implementation, and opportunities for diffusion in Latin America of an Argentine programme that promotes access to treatment through partnerships between the national drug policy agency and geographically dispersed care and support facilities managed by civil society organizations. It argues that severe socioeconomic crisis, rising drug use, and inadequate government response, at the turn of the century, created the conditions for social innovation in substance abuse treatment by civil society. Central aspects of the programme are ensuring accessibility through territorially based facilities and proactive outreach; attending multidimensional needs through the creation of local intersectoral support networks; and addressing addiction by building relationships. Remaining challenges include the need to improve coordination between national and subnational governments and develop a robust monitoring and evaluation system.

Reportes de sostenibilidad: evolución y tendencia en el mercado de capitales argentino

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Reportes de sostenibilidad: evolución y tendencia en el mercado de capitales argentino; Sustainability reporting: evolution and trends in the argentinian capital market Autor: Panario Centeno, María Marta; Macció, Jimena Marina Resumen: Los reportes de sostenibilidad son una vía de comunicación de las empresas para evaluar y legitimar sus actuaciones ante sus stakeholders. El propósito de este documento es estudiar la evolución de la elaboración y divulgación de reportes de sostenibilidad en Argentina entre 2004 y 2021, su distribución sectorial y la influencia de acuerdos voluntarios en las prácticas de divulgación. Mediante una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva, se analizan datos de 155 empresas cotizadas en Argentina, se examina la divulgación de reportes de sostenibilidad y se evalúa la adhesión al Pacto Global. Los resultados muestran que la difusión es baja, difiere entre sectores y que la adhesión a acuerdos voluntarios aumenta significativamente la divulgación. Desde un enfoque institucional, se sugiere la coexistencia del isomorfismo normativo y mimético. El estudio subraya la necesidad de acelerar las prácticas de difusión a través del diseño de políticas obligatorias y la sensibilización de empresas, inversores y otros interesados.; Sustainability reports are a means of communication for companies to assess and legitimize their actions to their stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of sustainability reporting and disclosure in Argentina over the last twenty years, its sectoral distribution and the influence of voluntary agreements on disclosure practices. Using an exploratory and descriptive methodology, we analyze data from 155 listed companies in Argentina, examine the disclosure of sustainability reports between 2004 and 2021 and evaluate adherence to the Global Compact. The results show that disclosure is low, differs across sectors and that adherence to voluntary agreements significantly increases disclosure. From an institutional approach, the coexistence of normative and mimetic isomorphism is suggested. The study contributes to the transparency and accountability of non-financial information and its regulation, underlines the need to accelerate disclosure practices through the design of mandatory policies and awareness raising amongst companies, investors, and other stakeholders.

Impact of temperature on expressed sentiments in social media: evidence from a Latin American country

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Impact of temperature on expressed sentiments in social media: evidence from a Latin American country Autor: Aromí, José Daniel; Conte Grand, Mariana; Rabassa, Mariano; Rozenberg, Julie Resumen: This study examines the impact of temperature on human well-being using approximately 80 million geo-tagged tweets from Argentina spanning 2017–2022. Employing text mining techniques, we derive two quantitative estimators: sentiments and a social media aggression index. The Hedonometer Index measures overall sentiment, distinguishing positive and negative ones, while social media aggressive behavior is assessed through profanity frequency. Non-linear fixed effects panel regressions reveal a notable negative causal association between extreme heat and the overall sentiment index, with a weaker relationship found for extreme cold. Our results highlight that, while heat strongly influences negative sentiments, it has no significant effect on positive ones. Consequently, the overall impact of extremely high temperatures on sentiment is predominantly driven by heightened negative feelings in hot conditions. Moreover, our profanity index exhibits a similar pattern to that observed for negative sentiments.

Comparative risk assessment modeling of cardiovascular and all-cause burden attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity: evidence from Argentina

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Comparative risk assessment modeling of cardiovascular and all-cause burden attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity: evidence from Argentina Autor: García-Witulski, Christian Resumen: Background: Although there is evidence that sitting time (ST) and insufficient physical activity (PA) are associated with premature mortality, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality (ACM) attributable to the combined effects of ST and PA in counterfactual scenarios is limited. Methods: Potential impact fractions (PIFs) were used to calculate premature deaths (PDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Cause-eliminated life tables were utilized to estimate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) gains. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty analysis. Results: The theoretical minimum risk exposure level (ST < 4 ⁠, PA > 65 ⁠) could prevent 16.7% of CVD deaths and 12.3% of all-cause deaths annually. This would save 669 to 2,630 DALYs per 100,000 and increase healthy life years by 0.57 to 2.94. Increasing PA to > 65 while maintaining ST could yield gains in HALE from 0.49 (CVD) to 2.60 (ACM) years. Reducing ST to < 4 while keeping PA constant could lead to gains in HALE from 0.07 (CVD) to 0.34 (ACM) years. A 50% reduction in suboptimal ST (≥ 4⁠) doubled HALE gains, ranging from 0.11 to 0.63 years. Conclusions: Public health decision-makers should prioritize vulnerable populations, including older adults and individuals with inadequate PA levels.